{"id":5242,"date":"2023-09-18T08:25:01","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T07:25:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/?p=5242"},"modified":"2023-09-18T08:29:43","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T07:29:43","slug":"evolutive-immunology-polystyrene-nanoplastics-target-lysosomes-interfering-with-lipid-metabolism-through-the-ppar-system-and-affecting-macrophage-functionalization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/2023\/09\/18\/evolutive-immunology-polystyrene-nanoplastics-target-lysosomes-interfering-with-lipid-metabolism-through-the-ppar-system-and-affecting-macrophage-functionalization\/","title":{"rendered":"Evolutive Immunology: &#8220;Polystyrene nanoplastics target lysosomes interfering with lipid metabolism through the PPAR system and affecting macrophage functionalization&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"has-small-font-size\">DOI:\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2EN01077A\">10.1039\/D2EN01077A<\/a>\u00a0(Paper)\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/2051-8161\/2014\">Environ. Sci.: Nano<\/a><\/em>, 2023,\u00a0<strong>10<\/strong>, 2245-2258<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote has-background is-style-solid-color\" style=\"background-color:#0693e3\"><blockquote class=\"has-text-color has-black-color\"><p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">Nanoplastics (NPs) are currently a main concern for environmental, animal and human health due to their potential to accumulate in different environmental compartments and provoke effects in living organisms. Nevertheless, neither these effects nor the interaction of NPs with the cellular machinery are well characterized, and only scattered information is available. In the present work, we focused on the interaction between NPs and fish cells, both intestinal cells and macrophages, in order to understand which cell organelles are targeted by polystyrene (PS)-NPs and how this could impact cell function. PS-NPs can pass through phospholipid membranes, entering cells&nbsp;<em>via<\/em>&nbsp;endocytosis, phagocytosis or passive transport. Once internalized, we found that PS-NPs co-localize with lysosomes but not with mitochondria. Moreover, using two types of fluorescent probe (H<small><sub>2<\/sub><\/small>DCFDA and DHE) we demonstrated that NPs did not trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was corroborated by the fact that neither the oxidative consumption ratio (OCR) nor the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in mitochondrial respiration were altered. RNASeq data revealed clear interference by PS-NPs with lipid metabolism, peroxisomes and PPAR signaling. The M1\/M2 balance critically determines tissue homeostasis when exposed to exogenous agents such as microorganisms or pollutants. Thus, the expression of different genes (<em>il1\u03b2<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>tnf\u03b1<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>il6<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>il10<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>il12<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>cox2<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>mmp9<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>ppar a<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>b<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>g<\/em>) was further assessed to characterize the macrophage phenotype M1 or M2, induced by PS-NPs. Overall, in this study we demonstrate that PS-NPs co-localize within lysosomes, both in macrophages and in intestinal cells of rainbow trout, but do not trigger ROS production nor alter mitochondrial respiration. In macrophages, PS-NPs modulate polarization towards the M2-like phenotype.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-1024x705.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5243\" width=\"424\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-1024x705.gif 1024w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-300x206.gif 300w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-768x529.gif 768w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-1536x1057.gif 1536w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-100x70.gif 100w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/d2en01077-378x260.gif 378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Fig. 2\u00a0<\/strong>Confocal imaging of HKM (upper panel) and RTgutGC (lower panel) showing the internalization and co-localization of fluorescent PS-NPs, after 16 h of incubation at 25 \u03bcg ml<small><sup>\u22121<\/sup><\/small>\u00a0PS-NPs. Magenta corresponds to cell mask staining membranes; blue to Hoechst (nucleus); red to LysoTracker (lysosomes) and green to dragon green (PS-NPs). White arrows point to co-localization of PS-NPs and lysosomes.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/portada-articulo-nerea.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5244\" width=\"330\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/portada-articulo-nerea.jpg 569w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/portada-articulo-nerea-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/portada-articulo-nerea-199x260.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DOI:\u00a010.1039\/D2EN01077A\u00a0(Paper)\u00a0Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2023,\u00a010, 2245-2258 Abstract Nanoplastics (NPs) are currently a main concern for environmental, animal and human health due to their potential to accumulate in different environmental compartments and provoke effects in living organisms. Nevertheless, neither these effects nor the interaction of NPs with the cellular machinery are well characterized, and only scattered information [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":5244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5242"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/65"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5242"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5252,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5242\/revisions\/5252"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibb.uab.cat\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}